Assalamualaikum...
Ini merupakan block digram kami untuk projek multifuntion mobile robot. Robot ini akan diprogram melalui PCI dan data-data yang kami perlukan akan dipapar di LCD. Seperti yang kamu dapat lihat, kami juga mempunyai IR Sensor, Analogue Sensor, Ultrasonic, Motor, Push Button, Comparator Skxbee dan juga webcam.
Function of components is :
web cam
for monitoring and capturing the image observed by the robot. It is like “the eyes” for the robot. This device can capture clear video and images at QVGA (640 x 480 pixels, software enhanced) resolution. Users also can use the bundled applications to capture, edit, and print images.
The value from the IR sensor is compared with the value from the preset which can be adjusted by user. The output is logic 1 if IR sensor value is larger than preset and vice versa. The LED is used to indicate logic 1 or logic 0. The LED will turn ON when logic 1 and turn OFF when logic 0.
Tuning the comparator to trigger at certain intensity of infrared light is called “Teaching”. We will need a small Philips screw driver to tune the VR or preset to desire voltage. Place the robot on a white floor with black tape (line) as shown in picture.
Motor
we actually mean D.C. motor. This is because we are using D.C power supply for all of our projects. As an example, the PIC16F877A needs 5V DC to power it where else the Bluetooth modules needs 3.3V DC. There are different types of DC motors available in the market such as DC geared motor, servo motor and stepper motor, but for this project, we will be focusing on servo motor. Typical servo motors only allow 180° rotate which is not suitable for a wheeled robot to move from a place to another place. Thus, we had made some modification to the servo motor so that it can rotate 360° continuously. At the remaining of the text, we only concentrate on the continuous rotating servo motor. To move the motor, just connect the power supply to the terminal on the motor while to move it in opposite direction, change the polarity of the connection between the power supply and the terminal. For this robot, we will be using two motors.
Push Button
One I/O pin is needed for one push button as input of PIC microcontroller. The I/O pin should be pull up to 5V using a resistor (with value range 1K-10K) and this configuration will result an active-low input. When the button is being pressed, reading of I/O pin will be in logic 0, while when the button is not pressed, reading of that I/O pin will be logic 1.
SKXBEE
It has been designed with capabilities and features of:
- Support both XBee and XBee PRO modules
- USB Plug and Play UART function
- 5V powered
- 5V UART interface, ready for microcontroller interface
- Default baud rate of 9600bps
- Long Range Data Integrity
- Low power consumption
- Compact yet easy and reliable platform
- As serial port replacement (wireless)
- Point-to-point, point-to-multipoint and peer-to peer topologies supported
The ultrasonic range finder offers very short to long-range detection and ranging, in an incredibly small package with ultra low power consumption. The sensor objects from 0-inches to 254-inches (6.45-meters) and provides sonar range information from 6-inches out to 254-inches with 1-inch resolution. Objects from 0-inches to 6 inches range as 6-inches. The interface output formats included are pulse width output, analog voltage output, and serial digital output.
Analogue Sensor
Sharp’s general purpose distance measuring sensor.
Features:
- 4.5V to 5.5V operating voltage.
- Working distance from 10cm to 80cm.
- Output voltage change over distance (2.45V - 0.45V)
- External control circuit is unnecessary.
PIC
Features of the device:
- 256 bytes of EEPROM data memory
- self programming
- 2 Comparators
- 8 channels of 10-bit Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converter
- 2 capture/compare/PWM functions
- synchronous serial port can be configured as either 3-wire Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI™) or the 2-wire Inter-Integrated Circuit (I²C™) busUniversal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART).
